to your initial question,
1) campaign id in the URL(elqcampaignid) is only added when an email is deployed from a campaign canvas and has a linked landing page in it. This is not absolutely necessary for reporting. The click will be counted in that campaigns reporting. you will not see a campaign id in your test email as it is technically not deployed off of a campaign.
2) The string of code you see is nothing but eloqua adding a recipient ID and campaign ID to the link. this will tie back the click to the recipient of that email. its nothing weird, just eloqua's native code in its editors.